Never add water in concentrated acid in an open beaker. Add concentrated acid into water. Acid loves water. The moment you will add water into acid, the acid molecules will try to grasp it and it might spill over you. Always use hand gloves, eyewear, and proper PPE when working with HCl or other acid.
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The preparation of dilute HCl from Conc HCl is easy. For the simplicity we will use an specific example.
What is the volume of Conc HCl needed to prepare 1.0 L of 0.18 N HCl?
Answer: The normality of concentrated HCl = 12N
We know,
V1S1 = V2S2 ………..(1)
V1 = Required Volume of supplied HCl (for our case Conc HCl)
S1 = Conc of supplied HCl ( Conc HCl = 12 N)
V2 = Volume of desired HCl (for our case 1.0 L)
S2 = Conc of desired HCl (for our case 0.18 N)
Therefore,
V1 = V2S2/ S1
= (1.0 L* 0.18 N)/12 N
= 0.015 L
= 15 mL
So, take 985 mL water and add 15 mL of concentrated HCl on it. You will end up with 1.0 L of 0.18 N HCl.
Alternatively, take 15 mL concentrated HCL in a 1.0 L volumetric flask and add water up to the mark of the volumetric flask.
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